Synthesising ideas on formation of covalent bond

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Malaysia SPM Form 4 Chemistry, Chapter 4: Chemical Bond.

Contents 1 Covalent Bonding 2 Examples of Covalent Compound 3 Number of Bond 4 Example of Covalent Bonding 4.1 Single bond 4.1.1 Hydrogen 4.1.2 Fluorine 4.1.3 Water 4.1.4 Ammonia 4.1.5 Tetrachloromethane 4.2 Double Bond 4.2.1 Oxygen 4.2.2 Carbon Dioxide 4.3 Triple Bond 4.3.1 Nitrogen 5 Predicting The Molecular Formula

[edit] Covalent Bonding

1. Covalent bonds are formed by atoms sharing electrons to form molecules. This type of bond usually formed between two non-metallic elements. 2. The molecules might be that of an element ie one type of atom only OR from different elements chemically combined to form a compound. 3. The covalent bonding is caused by the mutual electrical attraction between the two positive nuclei of the two atoms of the bond, and the electrons between them. 4. One single covalent bond is a sharing of 1 pair of electrons, two pairs of shared electrons between the same two atoms gives a double bond and it is possible for two atoms to share 3 pairs of electrons and give a triple bond.

[edit] Examples of Covalent Compound

Chlorine phosphorus oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen Tetrachloro-methane Hydrogen sulfur dioxide

[edit] Number of Bond

[edit] Example of Covalent Bonding

[edit] Single bond

[edit] Hydrogen

[edit] Fluorine

[edit] Water

[edit] Ammonia

[edit] Tetrachloromethane

[edit] Double Bond

[edit] Oxygen

[edit] Carbon Dioxide

Image:FormationCO2.png

[edit] Triple Bond

[edit] Nitrogen

Number of Covalent bonds depends on how many pairs of electron been shared.

[edit] Predicting The Molecular Formula

Element that combine				Formula of the ionic compound
Element X from	Valency	Element Y from	Valency
Group V	3	Group V	3
Group V	3	Group VI	2
Group V	3	Group VII	1
Group VI	2	Group VI	2
Group VI	2	Group VII	1
Group VII	1	Group VII	1